Business Strategies Essays - Marketing, Business, Advertising

Business Strategies In chapter seventeen several topics for debate are presented about managing global operations. For many global organizations, or organizations that produce or sells goods or services in more than one country, a difficult question is how to develop and place managers in foreign operations. Some people believe organizations should let foreign managers run foreign subsidiaries because of the large differences among national cultures while others believe that domestic managers should be trained to run foreign subsidiaries because of loyalty issues. Nation culture is the particular set of economic, political, and social values that exist in a particular nation. This culture effects all aspects of global organizations operations. Foreign exchange rates, banking and accounting laws, and tax codes can all affect the profitability of foreign subsidiaries. These rules and regulations vary from country to county. The way Japan accounts for good will varies dramatically from the way the United Sates regulatory agency demands it be recorded. In some countries politics play a larger role than others. In smaller less industrialized countries it may be necessary to support specific political candidates in order to be able to establish a profitable business. To do business in a country like Iraq you would probably have to make a large donation to the Hussein family, however in England you dont have to support the Royal Family to operate an organization. In addition to economic and political problems a more fundamental problem appears. Socia l values have a dramatic affect on how products and services are perceived and how effective advertising can be. An advertising campaign with women in bikinis promoting Budweiser products may be highly effective in a small collage town in the United States, but in Saudi Arabia it would probably offend a number of people, because of the local customs. Having a local foreign manager can aid in the efficiency of foreign operations because of their better understanding of local laws and regulations, lobbying systems and societal norms. Placing a local manager in head of foreign operations can also lead to insecurities about loyalty. It becomes easier for subsidiaries to be overtaken and spun off if the local management has little ties to the central organization. Training and placing loyal domestic managers in foreign operations can be on way of countering this potential problem. Some companies have successfully employed this type of global strategy with success but training mangers in local customs and laws can be timely and costly. Although in the future the world may merge customs, languages and currencies, in todays world there is a vast difference between national cultures. An effective way to operate a foreign organization is to have a manager that has previously lived, been educated and has operated in that particular nation. Loyalty to any one organization is based on other things besides just nationality. So training and placing a domestic manager in a foreign division may not be the best choice for the organization. By placing the most trained and qualified people, regardless of race, religion, sex, or nationality, to do the best job in each part of an organization is the most effective way to do business. And who more qualified than those who know first hand what the national culture is. Business

Paul Quinn College

Paul Quinn College Classification of Paul Quinn CollegeAdvertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Paul Quinn College specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Paul Quinn College is a privately run, four-year, faith-based liberal arts college (Paul Quinn College n.p.). College Affiliate Paul Quinn College is affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Church (Paul Quinn College n.p.). Year of College Foundation College was founded in Austin, Texas, on April 4, 1872 (Paul Quinn College n.p.). HistoryAdvertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This college was founded as Historically Black College, but now people of all races, sex, ethical identity, sexual orientation, etc. are accepted. The college was founded with the purpose to teach freed slaves and their children. Different kinds of workmanship were the main directions of college edu cation. The college increased its specialization when Bishop William Paul Quinn run it. First of all, the land of the college property expanded. Second, the number of taught subjects increased as well. It should be mentioned that being called a Historically Black College, it changed its name to Paul Quinn College as the gratitude for the contribution of Bishop Quinn. $100,000 were raised for a new women’s dormitory in 1954. 1962 was a year of considerable changes, the official act was adopted. The main idea of that act was to allow electing trustees with referring neither to race nor to creed (Paul Quinn College n.p.). Nowadays, the college pursues a purpose to give students top quality faith-based education. The college addresses academic students’ development trying to cultivate in them the basics of social and Christian norms. Founder African Methodist Episcopal Church is considered to be a founder of the college (Paul Quinn College n.p.). Present and Past President s During the whole history of college existence, there were many presidents who contributed to educational establishment development. Some of them were elected for several times. It should be noted that each of the presidents was a notable person in the life of the whole college. Here is a list of the presidents who took part in college development during different years, Bishop Brown (1872-1876), Bishop Cain (1876-1880), Keiling (1880-1883), Burgan (1883-1891 and 1911-1914), Banks (1891-1892 and 1926-1928), Laws (1904-1908), Butler (1908-1911), J. K. Williams (1914-1924), J. F. Williams (1924-1926), Dean Mohr (1928-1932), Jackson (1932-1939), Yancy II (1939-1942), Davis (1942-1943), Singleton (1943-1946), Aycock (1946-1951), Green, Jr. (1951-1953), Veal (1953-1956), Adams (1956-1962), McCloney (1962-1969 and 1981-1982), Rutland (1969-1976), Manning (1976-1978), Watley (1979-1981), Handy (1982-1984), Morgan (1984-1992), Powers (1992), Monroe (1992-2001), Fennell (2002-2005), Waddell (2006-2007). Sorrell entered upon his duties in 2007 and he continues to perform them up to present time (Paul Quinn College n.p.).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Paul Quinn College specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Present Enrollment Considering modern affiliations of Paul Quinn College, it should be stated that apart from African Methodist Episcopal Church it is an affiliation of Educational Testing Services and College Board. As it has already been mentioned, Paul Quinn College enrolls all students who want and who meet the following criteria, the possessions of the diploma of a high school with no less average grade point 2.5, satisfactory ACT or SAT scores are obligatory as well. One recommendation letter and a What College Means To Me essay in combination with burning desire to achieve success are the final obligatory requirements for entering this college. The Role of Women in Past or Present Admini strations The role of women in present college administration is higher than it was in the past. Having considered the names of the college presidents, the tendency may be noticed that only men were allowed to this position. However, present administration includes several women. Thus, it is possible to state that the role of women in administration is high. Performing their responsibilities, these women show that there is no prejudiced attitude in the relation to the sex of those who want to enter this educational establishment and apply on some specific positions during their college life and maybe even after college graduation. It should be remembered that women were not perceived seriously in the past. Being founded in 1872 Paul Quinn College pursued the same ideas as other colleges in the relation to females. However, both men and women were allowed for entering this college (Pinkney 36).Advertising Looking for research paper on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Noted Graduates of the Paul Quinn College There are several graduates which can be enumerated in this part, such as Dick Campbell, Christopher Saunders, Mims Hackett, Taurian Fontenette and Hiawatha Williams. There are even more of them, however, these can be considered as people who became known all over the USA. Dick Campbell was a famous person in the world of theater. His contribution is considered as the attempt to develop black theater during the period of Harlem Renaissance (Wilson 208). Christopher Saunders is notable for being a sport broadcaster for the national radio (â€Å"QA With Paul Quinn Alumnus† n.p.). Mims Hackett, an American Democratic Party politician, is one more notable person who has graduated from Paul Quinn College. However, looking at the latest information which has appeared in press, there is nothing notable in this person. He was accused for corruption and arrested in 2007 (McFadden and Chen 2). Taurian Fontenette is included in a list of Top 25 Dunkers on the Planet (Burton 1). Campus Buildings, Organizations, or Events that Make Reference to Slavery, African Americans in History and African Americans in the United States Being created as the educational establishment for freed slaves, this education establishment will always have an imprint of its past. Dallas is a historic campus of Paul Quinn college which reminds about the main idea of college creation (Paul Quinn College n.p.). Even though the college area expended and more new buildings have been created, the memory of all the students who attend it and who have graduated from it will be returned to those times when freed slaves were not allowed to study at one and the same educational establishment with white population of the USA (Pinkney 97). There are three buildings in the college, the John Hurst Adams Administrative Building gathers offices and classrooms. Joseph J. Rhoads Education Building and White Science and Mathematics Building are two facilities where st udents’ classrooms are located. This occurred in about 1960’s. Much attention to campus distribution was paid by Bishop Quinn in 1880’s and the Waco Chamber of Commerce in 1950’s (Paul Quinn College n.p.). Thus, it may be concluded that Paul Quinn College has a long and varied history. Having come the way from an educational establishment for freed slaves to the contemporary college which teaches students Christianity and gives them knowledge is many specific disciplines, it has managed to graduate many notable people. Burton, Austin. â€Å"Top 25 Dunkers on the Planet, Pt. 4.† NBA 26 October 2010: 1. Print. McFadden, Robert D. and David W. Chen. â€Å"Lawmakers accused in bribery sting poised to quit.† The New York Times 9 September 2007: 2. Print. Paul Quinn College. About PQC, 2011. Web. Pinkney, Alphonso. Black Americans. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2000. Print. â€Å"QA With Paul Quinn Alumnus, Sports Journalist Christopher Saunders.â €  HBCU Digest 23 September 2010: n.p. Print. Wilson, Melinda D. Dick Campbell. Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. Eds. Cary D. Wintz, and Paul Finkelman. New York: Routledge, 2004. 208–209. Print

Fair Value Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Fair Value Accounting - Essay Example Since then, the pros and cons of fair value accounting have been debated. On one hand, fair values provide a better view of current market conditions and therefore provide him with more relevant information. However, on the other hand it increases volatility in earnings and may not necessarily ensure reliability and relevance. This is because if an active market does not exist, it would be determined by calculations which are subject to management bias. While some people argue that fair value accounting provides us with truer financial statements, others question its validity. Hence, those institutions that use more and more of fair value option should also disclose adequate information regarding the assumptions, changes in acquisitions or sales, predictions and all those factors that affected the values that show in the financial statements as fair values. This would enable the users of financial statements to make knowledgeable and wise decisions. Fair value accounting is a way of accounting in which an asset or liability is valued at its current exchange price at a measurement date, in absence of an actual transaction for that asset or liability. In financial statements, all financial instruments may be valued at fair value. Before 200... The statement defines fair value of an asset as the price at which it can be traded or sold in an orderly transaction between 'market participants', other than in insolvency. Similarly, fair value of a liability is the amount at which it can be acquired or settled in an existing transaction between 'market participants', other than in insolvency. (KPMG, 2007) Market participants refer to buyers and sellers in the most principal or beneficial markets for those assets or liabilities. They meet four criteria: they are unrelated with the reporting body; they possess the knowledge required to have a realistic insight into the transactions; they are financially and legally able to carryout transactions for the entity; they are prepared to transact without any pressure. (KPMG, 2007) Principal market is the market with maximum volume and level of activity where assets and liabilities are sold or traded by a reporting entity. An entity that does not have a principal market determines its most beneficial market by including the transaction costs. (KPMG, 2007) Explanation Fair value of an asset may be equal to its quoted market price. However, this may not always be true. Fair value takes into account advantages and disadvantages that each party may gain from the transaction whereas market value may not always consider that. Also there might not be a quoted price for all assets or liabilities. In such circumstances, fair value has to be generated using the best information available to the preparers. Consequently, difficulties arise in creating those estimates. (KPMG, 2007) In accounting, fair value is used for those assets or liabilities whose carrying value is rooted in mark-to-market value. Carrying value is the amount

Negative Stance on Usage of Animals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Negative Stance on Usage of Animals - Essay Example The first problem that is associated with conducting medical tests and research on animals is that animals and human beings are different from each other and the reliability of tests conducted on animals decreases for human beings due to their physical and emotional differences (Hill 31). Animals such as mice are weaker than human beings, they do not have strong bones like human beings, and thus the impact of a particular chemical on mice may be much worse than it may impact human beings and what might suit a particular individual may not suit mice. The second problem associated with using animals for research is that by giving importance to human interests, researchers may be violating animal rights. Animals and human being are both living things and no single living thing should suffer pain for the benefit of another living thing. The extent of suffering that is experienced by animals is very high, they are treated in an inhumane manner and are not given as much respect as other li ving things such as humans during tests. Animals cannot speak up or exhibit experience of pain as human beings do; this does not necessarily mean that they cannot feel pain. The third issue with the usage of animals for the purpose of conducting research and tests in order to benefit human beings is that this act is unethical. Those in the favor of this act use the ethical problem-solving method of utilitarianism to support the act. They believe that using animals for research purposes has more benefits to offer to the society and the costs associated with the act are near to zero. The benefit that is obtained by using animals for research purpose is that treatments are developed which help in maintaining and achieving wellbeing of human beings.  

MGT Individual Project 5 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

MGT Individual Project 5 - Research Paper Example The study reflects the principles of qualitative and quantitative analysis which are used in business cases. It states that both the methodologies are equally important in conducting the research where a combination of both the methodologies helps in improving the quality of the research work. The study concludes with an insight into the importance of critical thinking in the decision making of the businesses. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Sekaran & Bougie Research Process 5 Analysis 8 Quantitative Methodology 16 Qualitative Methodology 16 Critical Thinking in Business Cases 17 Conclusion 17 References 19 Introduction Decision making is an important activity in the business world. It is required at all levels of the organization. Even the low level supervisor needs to make various decisions in everyday business activities. Decision making is encouraged at all levels where the business owners are mainly responsible for all the decisions being taken in the businesses. The decision making is mainly a cognitive process which results in choosing of courses of action amongst various alternative scenarios. In each and every decision making process there is a final choice and the output can be the resultant of the opinion or action of such choice. From the cognitive perspective, decision making is mainly a continuous procedure which can be incorporated in interaction with environment. From the normative perspective, it is the analysis of individual decisions associated with the logic in decision making and its rationality. It can be defined as the problem solving activity which gets terminated when satisfactory solution is obtained. The decision making procedure can be rational, irrational, on the basis of tactic assumption or explicit assumption. The business development always arises from collective decision making of the management along with the staff. The programs, strategies and policies are always converted into effective course s of actions by means of proper decision making. The progress in any organization from one particular success and performance level to another arises from the effective decision making. The efficiency in the management of any business enterprise increases along with the application of practical and progressive principles and policies. If these ideas are implemented within the processes of an organization it would result in the increase of efficiency followed by achievement of success in the market. Sekaran & Bougie Research Process According to Sekaran & Bougie (2010) the research process is a step by step process where all the steps are essential for achieving success in the research process. An analysis should always be based on the basis of each and every step presented in this research process. It states that the research analysis should present a comparative analysis of how nicely the authors of the chosen research study have fulfilled the research work. The focus of the analys is should lie in the research process more than on the research content. The analysis should deal with the obedience to the research process stated by Sekaran & Bougie. All the steps and sub steps act as the stepping stones in the research process. The research process is a step by step procedure comprising of eleven steps. While analysing, the research work should have the following contents Problem Statement Literature Review Generation or Development of

Mahasweta Devi Rudali

Mahasweta Devi Rudali Amity Institute of English Studies and Research INTRODUCTION Mahasweta Devi’s Rudali centers on the two women who develop a partnership for survival. Rudali is one of the haunting stories that come from remote villages in Rajasthan. The novel depicted the struggle Sanichari oppressed against poverty, humiliation and wrecked by an exploitative patriarchal caste-basedsocial system.Damaged by their own family, community members or the ruling rich, these women either submit to a relegated existence, which became prostitutes for survival; or like Sanichari and Bikhni, challenges their subjugation. The novel represented the miserable condition of a low-caste starving family in post-colonial Indian society. It highlighted the particularly miserable position of backward class women inrural India. Mahasweta Devi was born in 1926 in the city of Dacca in East Bengal. Born into a literary family, Mahasweta Devi was also influenced by her early association with Gananatya, a group who attempted to bring social and political theater to rural villages in Bengal in the 1930s and 1940s. After finishing a master’s degree in English literature from Calcutta University, Devi began working as a teacher and journalist. Her first book, Jhansi Rani(The Queen of Jhansi), was published in 1956. In 1984, she retired from her job as an English lecturer at a Calcutta university to concentrate on her writing. Devi has been the recipient of several literary prizes. She was awarded the Jnanpath, India’s highest literary award in 1995. She is a long-time champion for the political, social and economic advancement of the tribal communities, whom she characterizes as â€Å"suffering spectators of the India that is traveling to the twenty first century†. Many of her stories are about tribal fighting oppression, resisting exploitation, rebelling against authority. She does not have connection with any school of thought yet her sympathetic portrayal of the subjugation of women and consequent revolt invariably adds a feminist dimension to her work. Woman characters in her works are stronger than that of men. Sanichari, the protagonist, is an active Dalit widow who lives in a village of Bihar, reeling under the burden of earning for her family. Without any earning family member, she faces many difficulty, feeding his family as she was cursed as a witch who has devoured the men of the house. Sanichari was alone and she finds a supporter in her long-lost friend Bikhni, another ill fatedDalit widow who was left alone by her own son. Everyone said shes led such a hard,sad life. But finding Bikhni has been a blessing (Devi.110). The two form a deep bond and a partnership for survival as they discover financial help in an different occupation as hired mourners (Rudali)to add pretension to funerals of the feudal rich in their two-faced society. The new profession gave them their first sense of mastery. But then, Sanichari suffers another blow when Bikhni dies from dysentery as given lack of basic medical care. After facing this much of loss, Sanichari is moreover shocked. But she refused to take a break and emerges revolts against her isolation. She visits the brothel to recruit a band of Rudalis all by herself from among the prostitutes, where she encounters her fiercely defiant runaway daughter-in-law Parvatia. Wishing to free them from mistreatment of the flesh trade, Sanichari motivates them on how to surpass as false mourners at funerals of the rich landlords, When you start, weep as if you have lost someone close to you, someone dear to your heart. Beat your breast and cry out with such feeling that their blood runs cold! sheteaches them. The play culminates with these prostitutes faking loud mourning at the death of the very man who pushed them into the pyre of prostitution. There is a sense of freedom from their indignant life in this alternative profession that earns them cash, food grains and goodies without having to sell their bodies. REPRESENTING MARGINS Representing the Margin is about the representation of socio cultural margins in Indian fictions, written in various Indian languages including English. The main agenda concerned in such novels are of caste and gender issues which was a prominent subject of the post and pre-independence era . The concept of marginalization means ‘to make somebody feel as they are not important and cannot influence decisions or events; or to put somebody in a powerless position’. The very opening of the story is that Sanichari be treated as a commodity and thrown away as soon as her commodified existence becomes useless to the males in her life. The tragic fate of tribal girls like Sanichari is clearly presented by Mahasweta Devi in this short story. The Indian paramilitary forces sought to subjugate the tribal people by burning their huts, by looting their possessions and killing them, and by gang raping their women. Mahasweta Devi discriminates between the civilized ordinary reader, reading a short story about the condition of the exploited tribal sitting in his or her comfortable hearth and home, and the condition of the â€Å"Ho-Oraon-Mundra girls†. When someone died in a malik mahajan household, the amount of money spent on the death ceremonies immediately raised the prestige of the family. The status of the Rudalis also rose. We can offer worship to shiva as well. after all weve managed to save up sever rupees! (Devi.73). Such is the degrading conditions in which the low caste woman is destined to live. And such women are termed as a separate caste. A caste of low caste â€Å"whore† women. It is the women who are ruined by the Malik Mahajans who turn them into whores. The Malik-Mahajan demands honor even when he is a corpse (Devi.91) But Sanichari rises to the occasion and seizes the opportunity by making it an act of revenge and expression of historical opposition .Sanichari thought that perhaps her tears had been reserved for the time when she would have to feed herself by selling them. It can also be identified as an predictable part of the advancement of the cultural politics of dissent and difference from the historically marginalized people of India. It can be justly termed as representation the culturalpolitics. CONCLUSION Sanichari was marginalized firstly as a girl child and she was forced to get married at the time of adolescence. And then her mother in law was also responsible for her marginalization, she always taunted her saying that she was born on Saturday so her name was inauspicious. She even said that Sanicharis life is full of sufferings and brought a bad luck to their family. This made Sanichari feel rebellious against her mother in law. Shanichari was compelled to go for the profession of a paid mourner (Rudali) because there was nobody to provide her with basic necessities of life. For them, nothing has ever come easy. just the daily struggle for a little maize gruel and salt is exhausting. while those people spend huge sums of money on death ceremonies, just to gain prestige†¦ (Devi.9) Lastly she turned up to be a Rudali just to earn her daily bread. Rudali is all about how to survive. She had to sell her tears which she never shed at the death of her own people but the death of the landowners so that she could earn livelihood. Works Cited Primary Source: Rudali by Mahasweta Devi Secondary Source: Rudaali. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Jan. 2014. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. Mahasweta Devi. Biography, Life History of Mahasweta Devi. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. Mahasweta Devi. Author Profile, Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2014. Rudaali. IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 05 Nov. 2014.

Jonathan Kozols Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools Ess

Jonathan Kozol's Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools In this detailed and shocking book, Jonathan Kozol describes the horrific and unjust conditions in which many children in today’s society are forced to get their education. Kozol discusses three major reasons for the discrepancies in America’s schools today: disparities of property taxes, racism, and the conflict between state and local control. The first of these reasons is that of the differences of available property tax revenues. Kozol discusses the inconsistencies in property tax revenues and the problem that the poorer districts aren’t getting the same opportunities for education as the more affluent neighborhoods. He says the reason for this is that the poorer districts don’t receive as much money as the affluent districts because their property isn’t worth as much, therefore they get less money in return. Therefore, if they demand more money for the school systems, they end up taxing themselves more money. Kozol uses shocking statistic s to get the reader’s attention. For instance, a classroom in Chicago â€Å"received approximately $90,000 less each year than would have been spent on them if they were pupils of a school such as New Trier High† (54). Kozol also discusses a solution for this problem, the Foundation Program, which is meant to set a standard of basic or minimum education for the less fortunate neighborhoods. Although this program seems to work on the surface, it makes a bigger gap between the rich and poor districts. Using descriptive details and scenarios, he informs the reader of the awful conditions these children attend school in. For example, he tells about a conversation with a little boy whose sister was raped and murdered, but the child cannot recall if this took place last week or last year. These children suffer many health problems, including terrible pain in their teeth from bad dental health. They are also subjected to dreadful amounts of sewage in their schools and in their backyards, contaminating the water and the soil. Kozol then describes the more affluent schools and the wonderful opportunities they are given. He contrasts the poor and rich schools to show the reader just how terrible these conditions are. He attempts to make the reader angry and succeeds many times. One other way by which he attempts to irritate the reader i... ...computers are nice to have, but are not essential in the learning process. Also, Kozol, in his racism argument, forgets that there is a chance the inequalities in education might not be so much racial segregation, but affluence segregation. True, a large percentage of the poor districts are black and Hispanic, but this is due to society itself, not necessarily the school systems. Kozol sometimes seems to be reaching for an argument just for the sake of having one. On the other hand, a large portion of what Kozol says is well supported and highly effective. He is a very passionate writer and does a wonderful job of stating the facts, not just his side of the story. He uses conversations with the children and teachers to get the reader’s attention and make the reader understand that these are real people these things are happening to, not just numbers. Kozol is a very persuasive writer, with brilliant ideas and down-to-earth opinions. He doesn’t want his readers to be hateful towards the public school systems; he wants us to know the truth. Works Cited: Jonathan Kozol. Savage Inequalities: Children in America’s Schools. New York, Harper Collins, 1991. 262 pp.